In some cases, you can find products that function as both stains and sealers. However, most people choose to use them separately. Staining and sealing are two completely different jobs that are done for completely different purposes. Stains are used to change the appearance of the deck by changing the color (or at least the shade). Sealers are generally transparent, so they don’t change the color of the wood. They do provide a nice shine, but sealers are meant to be functional rather than decorative.
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Most stain is applied with a brush, a roller, or spraying. The manufacturer's instructions will advise the best method to suit your chosen stain.
Your wood must be clean and dry. That means all dirt and residual paint should be removed by washing and scraping. If you want a smoother surface, you can sand the wood, which helps remove dirt and...