If the wood is bare exterior wood, you need to prime it before painting. The high-solids content of primer aids in filling the wood grain and provides a smooth surface for the final coat.
Unfinished woods are prone to soaking up paint, and primer helps seal the surface to avoid this.
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Most stain is applied with a brush, a roller, or spraying. The manufacturer's instructions will advise the best method to suit your chosen stain.
Your wood must be clean and dry. That means all dirt and residual paint should be removed by washing and scraping. If you want a smoother surface, you can sand the wood, which helps remove dirt and...
